Ankle impingement syndrome is an inflammation in the anterior or posterior area of the ankle. It is produced by abnormal contact between the joint surfaces of the tibia and the talus or calcaneus which produces an inflammation of the synovial capsule. This results in osteophyte formation, (bone spurs). It is a very common injury in soccer players and dancers.
This is an injury to the cartilage in the talus and underlying bone within the joint. The majority are in the posteromedial or anterolateral area and are a result of trauma. Pain is usually felt in the medial or lateral part of the ankle with periods of intermittent swelling, pseudo blockages, instability or repetitive sprains.
There are three levels of injuries: Grade I - fine cartilage but intact, Grade II - soft cartilage and Grade III - fissured cartilage.
Treatment depends on the extent and associated injuries that generate instability to the knee.
Tibial Plafond Fracture (Tibial Pilon)
This is a serious and complex joint fracture of the distal tibial weight-bearing surface. It is a high energy axial load injury with considerable damage to bone and soft tissue. Most are a due to trauma such as a car accident and will require surgery.
These fractures are the second most common fractures of the lower limb after the hip. They depend on the position of the ankle when the fracture occurs and are produced by torsion or rotation of the fifth talus within the tibioperoneal area. They are classified as Infrasyndesmotic (stable), Transyndesmotic (50% stable) or Suprasyndesmotic (100% unstable).
Ankle sprain
This is a very frequent injury occurring when the ligaments supporting the ankle stretch beyond their limit and tear. The majority of cases affect the anterior talofibular ligament.
They range in severity depending on the damage to the anterior talo-peroneal and peroneal-calcaneal ligaments which can be stretched, partially ruptured or completely ruptured.
“Stiff Big Toe” is a painful condition of the metatarsophalangeal (MTF) joint which causes dorsiflexion limitation. It is the most frequent osteoarthritis of the foot and can be caused by gout, trauma or an articular defect. The onset is usually insidious, with pain especially when walking.
This is a common progressive forefoot deformity causing symptoms on the medial edge of the foot, the sole and the small toes. It produces bunions and is often due to ill-fitting shoes but it can also be caused by family disposition. Women are more affected than men due to use of narrower and high-heeled shoes.
Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain and occurs when the band of tissue that supports the arch of the foot becomes overly stressed developing micro-tears that cause inflammation. It is usually caused by repeated micro trauma in athletes, flat feet or a shortening of the Achilles tendon.
In 90% of cases conditions improve within one year regardless of the treatment used.
This tendon is the largest of the body and links the muscles in your calf to the heel. It bears a lot of stress and pressure as it crosses two of the largest joints in the body and transmits forces of up to six to ten times the weight of the body during walking. Injuries are typically caused by anatomical predisposition, excessive exercise or sports activity with sudden dorsiflexion of the ankle and foot. The rupture may be incomplete and occur as a chronic injury. All can lead to tendonitis or rupture.
This is an acutely inflamed Achilles tendon, paratenon or retrocalcaneal bursa usually due to microtrauma from strenuous exercise or overuse. It causes pain and edema and is common in athletes such as runners or tennis players.
This condition comes from chronic degenerative changes where the collagen fibers making up the tendon deteriorate. This is often the result of untreated tendinitis, producing a long-lasting pain that increases with activity.
The talus composes the bottom part of the ankle joint and is responsible for 90% of the mobility of the foot and ankle. Talus fractures usually result from high energy impact and many times require surgery to prevent future problems. Talus fractures are classified based on severity and dislocation.
The talus composes the bottom part of the ankle joint and is responsible for 90% of the mobility of the foot and ankle. Talus fractures usually result from high energy impact and many times require surgery to prevent future problems. Talus fractures are classified based on severity and dislocation.
A metatarsal fracture is often a thin hairline crack to a metatarsal bone of the foot. Most are caused by direct trauma or sometimes indirectly by avulsion such as in the base of the 5th metatarsal, which is also the most frequent. These fractures can be classified as Avulsion styloid apophysis, Metaphyseal-diaphyseal union and stress fracture of the proximal diaphysis.
The Lisfranc joint is where the metatarsal and tarsal bones meet and the Lisfranc ligament gives stability to this joint. A Lisfranc fracture-dislocation involves injury to bone and soft tissue in the tarsometatarsal joint and is most often due to torsion or high velocity trauma. In up to 20% of cases it is misdiagnosed or diagnosed late. Lisfranc injuries can be classified as: complete or psilateral, partial or divergent.
